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These are the sexual forms of the colony including future kings and queens of colonies yet to be established.
The reproductives reside in a central chamber in the nest where a female, or queen, will put many thousands of eggs every year over her life span of approximately a decade. Male, or kings, are responsible for fertilising the queens. Multiple reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites develop in the colony by shedding cuticles at the end of every growth phase, gradually changing until they get to the worker, soldier or grownup (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
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Reproductives are generally darker than workers and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their stronger skin (cuticle) is able to resist the outside environment. Once flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are discarded and piles of discard wings are a good hint to termite infestations.
Officials have darker, larger heads than the other castes. They're blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from many toxins, exposure, or starvation. It is their function to defend the colony, if disturbed, while the damage is fixed by the workers.
Soldiers exist in different types. Many species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, such as ants.
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Nastute soldiers happen in Nasustitermes species and are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They have a snout where they eject a sticky solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a huge head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. The drywood termites, which utilize this particular strategy, are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
The workers account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the most harm.
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They collect food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and repair damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are thought to work 24 hours a day during their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs which have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed recommended you read nurseries.
As soon as they're old enough, the young work within the colony in which jobs change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it produces winged reproductives that wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to leave the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest as a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still atmosphere, and sometimes low light. Termites are not strong fliers and generally only fly up to 1km, although breezes and updrafts can carry them much further.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Men quickly respond.
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They dig in and over the next few weeks, partner and take care of their young until enough employees develop to take over the maintenance functions.
New colonies are occasionally established via budding. This is believed to happen when the extremities of this colony lose contact and eventually become independent.
The main king and queen are believed to emit hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the rest of the colony. However, this control breaks down if the territory is too big or contact groups is dropped.
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Termites work together in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as mammals, which can be fed by adult termites. They then develop into four kinds or castes of termite:
Soldiers have big, black heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and might take longer to control. Several species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, such as ants.
Employees are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Workers are the largest caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for most damage.
Reproductives that are darker in colour to other castes, have functional eyes and robust skin. This caste becomes the pioneers of prospective colonies.
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The temperature, food grade, and action of the colony will determine how long it takes for a termite to grow from egg to mature.
Nests and tunnels are stored moist because employee termites cannot stand low humidity for long intervals. The temperature within the nursery of a large nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but rarely varies more than one degree every day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.